# The 1.x Files: a fast-sync

DevFeed: [The 1.x Files: a fast-sync](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/the-1-x-files-a-fast-sync-16876.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://blog.ethereum.org/en/2019/12/10/eth1x-files-fast-sync>)

Author: Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss

Published: 2019-12-10T00:00:00Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [Ethereum Foundation Blog](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/ethereum-foundation-blog.md>)

Topics: [Ethereum](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/ethereum.md>), [Network](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/network.md>), [Latency](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/latency.md>), [Protocol (disambiguation)](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/protocol.md>)

Tags: [ethereum](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/ethereum.md>), [latency](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/latency.md>), [network](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/network.md>), [research-development](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/research-development.md>), [state](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/state.md>), [stateless](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/stateless.md>), [upgrade](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/upgrade.md>)

## AI overview

This recap traces the origins of Ethereum 1.x research and its focus on incremental changes to the current chain while Ethereum 2.0 was still in development. It introduces the move toward stateless clients and describes risks from natural chain growth, including increasing centralization, network latency, state bloat, and limited transaction throughput.

## Source excerpt

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