# The History of Casper - Chapter 2

DevFeed: [The History of Casper - Chapter 2](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/the-history-of-casper-chapter-2-16795.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://blog.ethereum.org/en/2016/12/07/history-casper-chapter-2>)

Author: Vlad Zamfir

Published: 2016-12-07T21:58:58Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [Ethereum Foundation Blog](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/ethereum-foundation-blog.md>)

Topics: [Security](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/security.md>), [Protocol (disambiguation)](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/protocol.md>), [Bitcoin](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/bitcoin.md>)

Tags: [bitcoin](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/bitcoin.md>), [protocol](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/protocol.md>), [research](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/research.md>), [research-development](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/research-development.md>), [security](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/security.md>), [strategy](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/strategy.md>)

## AI overview

Chapter 2 recounts research into game theory and economic security for proof-of-stake in 2014. It explains how the bribing attacker model informed a solution to long-range attacks and discusses incentive compatibility, security deposits, slashing conditions, and Nash equilibria.

## Source excerpt

This chapter describes the game theory and economic security modelling we were doing in the Fall of 2014. It recounts how the "bribing attacker model" led our research directly to a radical solution to the long range attack problem....