# The Pragmatic Engineer Big Tech and startups, from the inside. Highly relevant for software engineers, AI engineers and engineering leaders, useful for those working in tech. This is one page of public article previews, not the complete archive. Follow Next page to continue. Summaries are not the original full articles. ## Inside OpenAI's agentic software factory DevFeed: [Inside OpenAI's agentic software factory]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-09-15T15:41:25Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [OpenAI](), [codex](), [Software](), [coding]() Tags: [agentic](), [codex](), [engineering](), [openai](), [software]() ### AI overview This article examines Codex's role at OpenAI, the lab's agentic software factory, and the engineering challenges associated with serving one billion users. ### Source excerpt A deepdive into how Codex has "taken over" OpenAI, how the frontier lab builds its agentic software factory, and the engineering challenges of one billion users. Details from inside OpenAI ## The Pulse #191: a new trend of CPU shortages DevFeed: [The Pulse #191: a new trend of CPU shortages]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-09-10T17:13:44Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [cpu](), [systems](), [Artificial Intelligence]() Tags: [ai](), [covid](), [cpu](), [growth](), [systems]() ### AI overview This issue discusses a new trend of CPU shortages and suggests reserving more compute for compute-intensive services. It also covers COVID-era unicorns, engineers losing touch with systems when AI handles incidents, and related topics. ### Source excerpt For compute-intensive services: it's worth reserving more compute now. Also: growth dreams end for more COVID-era unicorns, engineers losing touch with systems when AI handles incidents, and more ## Building Codex with Tibo Sottiaux DevFeed: [Building Codex with Tibo Sottiaux]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-09-09T15:57:24Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [codex](), [OpenAI](), [Development](), [software-development](), [Command-line interface](), [Git]() Tags: [agentic](), [agents](), [cli](), [codex](), [git](), [openai](), [rust](), [software-development]() ### AI overview In a Pragmatic Engineer Podcast episode, OpenAI's Tibo Sottiaux discusses how Codex was built and iterated, including the Rust-based open-source CLI, evolving harness and models, support for multiple model providers, and use across software development tasks such as code reviews, maintenance, and system rearchitecture. ### Source excerpt OpenAI's Tibo Sottiaux shares how Codex was built and how it's reshaping software development. ## How AI-generated code may change the code review process DevFeed: [How AI-generated code may change the code review process]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-09-08T16:32:01Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Artificial Intelligence](), [Code review](), [Code]() Tags: [2026](), [ai](), [code](), [code-review](), [code-reviews]() ### AI overview This article examines how the growing volume of AI-generated code may affect the code review process and considers approaches that could replace traditional review practices. ### Source excerpt AI generates more code than devs can track in 2026, so will the code review process have to adapt - or is it doomed? A look into this decades-old practice and the approaches that could replace it ## The Pulse: tech companies move to open AI models DevFeed: [The Pulse: tech companies move to open AI models]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-09-03T17:00:14Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [AI Models](), [Software Engineering]() Tags: [ai-models](), [automated](), [cost](), [maintenance](), [open]() ### AI overview Cost-saving efforts reportedly show that moving simpler workloads to open AI models can reduce AI bills by about 50%. The article also covers automated software maintenance experience. ### Source excerpt Cost-saving efforts reveal that moving simpler workloads to open AI models is the easiest way to save ~50% on AI bills. Also: automated software maintenance experience, and more ## The Pragmatic Engineer: Five years DevFeed: [The Pragmatic Engineer: Five years]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-09-01T17:14:34Z Content type: opinion Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Software Engineering](), [Software]() Tags: [engineering](), [events](), [publication](), [software-engineering]() ### AI overview The Pragmatic Engineer reflects on reaching its fifth anniversary, describing the publication's growth from its 2021 launch to more than 1.1 million readers, tens of thousands of paid subscribers, a podcast, and more than 500,000 YouTube subscribers. The article also announces upcoming events and a temporary annual subscription offer. ### Source excerpt As the newsletter reaches its fifth birthday, we reflect on how the publication has changed, and what to expect. Also: the launch of the 'How Software Engineering is Changing' essay contest ## Meta's engineering culture and team-reduction plans amid competition from AI-native startups DevFeed: [Meta's engineering culture and team-reduction plans amid competition from AI-native startups]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-08-27T17:59:17Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Meta](), [Artificial Intelligence](), [engineering-culture](), [GitHub]() Tags: [ai](), [culture](), [engineering](), [engineering-culture](), [github](), [meta](), [startups]() ### AI overview The article examines why Meta changed its engineering culture and considered reducing teams amid concerns about AI-native startups doing more with less. It also discusses Ramp's AI infrastructure and increased GitHub load. ### Source excerpt We find out why Meta destroyed its standout engineering culture: it feared AI-native startups doing more with less. Also: thoughts on Ramp's AI infra, GitHub's load doubles in four months, and more ## Why performant code matters (but gets widely ignored), with Casey Muratori DevFeed: [Why performant code matters (but gets widely ignored), with Casey Muratori]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-08-26T15:59:59Z Content type: opinion Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Code](), [Software](), [engineering-culture]() Tags: [code](), [developer](), [engineering-culture](), [performance](), [software]() ### AI overview This podcast episode features Casey Muratori discussing why software performance matters, why it is often overlooked, and how developers can write faster code. ### Source excerpt Casey Muratori explains why software performance matters, how developers can write faster code, and why he challenges conventional engineering practices. ## Why Ramp built its own in-house coding agent, Inspect DevFeed: [Why Ramp built its own in-house coding agent, Inspect]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-08-25T15:20:23Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [AI-assisted coding](), [coding]() Tags: [ai](), [coding-agents](), [company](), [fintech]() ### AI overview An in-depth look at why fintech company Ramp built its own in-house coding agent, Inspect, instead of taking an easier route, and how it compares with coding agents from frontier AI labs. ### Source excerpt A fintech company rejected the easy route and homebrewed its own coding agent - and is now a step ahead of coding agents from frontier AI labs. An in-depth look ## The Pulse: Asana's Testing Framework Migration and AI Startups Challenging Gartner DevFeed: [The Pulse: Asana's Testing Framework Migration and AI Startups Challenging Gartner]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-08-20T17:53:01Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [migration](), [Testing](), [Framework](), [Artificial Intelligence]() Tags: [ai](), [framework](), [migrations](), [testing]() ### AI overview This newsletter issue highlights Asana completing a testing framework migration in two weeks, despite previously expecting to delay it for years. It also discusses whether AI startups could make Gartner less relevant. ### Source excerpt Asana completed a testing framework migration in two weeks, that they would have delayed for years more, and they're not alone. Also: AI startups could make Gartner much less relevant, and more ## From Chrome DevTools to AI Engineering, with Addy Osmani DevFeed: [From Chrome DevTools to AI Engineering, with Addy Osmani]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-08-19T16:53:57Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [AI Engineering](), [AI Agent](), [Developer experience](), [Google](), [developer tooling](), [engineering-culture](), [Loop Engineering](), [Chrome]() Tags: [agents](), [ai-agents](), [ai-engineering](), [developer](), [developer-experience](), [devtools](), [engineering](), [google](), [software-engineering](), [workflows]() ### AI overview Addy Osmani discusses his 14 years at Google, including work on Chrome, DevTools, Core Web Vitals, and AI developer experience. The conversation covers AI agents, loop engineering, cognitive surrender, engineering culture, and the broader skills engineers need. ### Source excerpt Addy Osmani shares lessons from 14 years at Google and how AI agents are reshaping software engineering, developer workflows, and the skills engineers need to succeed. ## Meta offers retention equity grants as staff leave; article examines Grok Bot and OpenClaw DevFeed: [Meta offers retention equity grants as staff leave; article examines Grok Bot and OpenClaw]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-08-14T16:55:55Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Meta](), [OpenClaw](), [AI Bots]() Tags: [agents](), [ai-agents](), [meta](), [openclaw]() ### AI overview The article discusses Meta offering more than $1 million in retention equity grants to employees who are leaving and considers whether Grok Bot could represent an "OpenClaw moment" for managed AI agents. ### Source excerpt The social media giant is offering $1M+ retainer equity grants to staff who are leaving: and even this is not effective. Also: is Grok Bot the "OpenClaw moment" for managed AI agents? ## Charity Majors on how AI is changing software engineering DevFeed: [Charity Majors on how AI is changing software engineering]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-08-12T16:45:07Z Content type: opinion Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Artificial Intelligence](), [Development](), [AI-assisted coding](), [observability](), [DevOps]() Tags: [ai](), [coding-agents](), [development](), [devops](), [engineering](), [observability](), [software-engineering]() ### AI overview A podcast discussion with Charity Majors examines how AI is changing software engineering, including code generation, code reviews, reliability, verification, observability, DevOps, and engineering leadership. The episode argues that AI is becoming a foundational part of development while increasing the importance of engineering discipline. ### Source excerpt In 2025, it was rational to be skeptical about AI. In 2026, it's not, anymore. With Charity Majors, CTO and co-founder of Honeycomb. ## Software engineering at a proprietary trading company: Optiver DevFeed: [Software engineering at a proprietary trading company: Optiver]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-08-11T16:17:39Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Software Engineering](), [Latency](), [AI Models](), [Hardware]() Tags: [ai-models](), [engineering](), [hardware](), [latency](), [software-engineering]() ### AI overview The article examines software engineering at Optiver, including a shift from latency-focused work toward building better AI models and ownership of the stack from applications through custom hardware. ### Source excerpt A shift from a focus on latency to building better AI models, owning the full stack from applications to building custom hardware, very different incentives to most tech companies in play, and more ## Formal methods with Hillel Wayne DevFeed: [Formal methods with Hillel Wayne]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-07-29T16:22:31Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Formal methods](), [Formal verification](), [Software Engineering](), [distributed-systems](), [Artificial Intelligence]() Tags: [ai](), [distributed-systems](), [formal-methods](), [formal-verification](), [software-engineering](), [version-control]() ### AI overview Hillel Wayne discusses why formal methods such as TLA+ matter for reliable software, how formal verification tools fit into software development, why distributed systems are difficult to reason about, and whether AI could make these methods more accessible. ### Source excerpt Hillel Wayne explains why formal methods like TLA+ matter, how they help build reliable software, and whether AI will finally bring formal verification into the mainstream. ## How building software is changing at Anthropic DevFeed: [How building software is changing at Anthropic]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-07-28T15:49:30Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [anthropic](), [Artificial Intelligence](), [Code review](), [Testing](), [engineering-culture]() Tags: [ai](), [anthropic](), [code-review](), [teams](), [testing]() ### AI overview This article examines changes in how Anthropic builds software, including increased use of AI for code review and testing and the continued use of two-pizza teams. ### Source excerpt A deepdive on what's changed in how the leading AI lab makes software. Ever more code review and testing is done by AI, two-pizza teams very much alive, and more. Details from inside of Anthropic ## The Pulse: Quitting Spotify Podcasts over reliability DevFeed: [The Pulse: Quitting Spotify Podcasts over reliability]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-07-23T15:59:37Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Spotify](), [Amazon Web Services](), [anthropic](), [OpenAI]() Tags: [anthropic](), [aws](), [models](), [open](), [openai](), [podcasts]() ### AI overview This newsletter issue discusses quitting Spotify podcasts because of reliability concerns and also mentions Chinese open models matching closed models from Anthropic and OpenAI, along with an AWS billing error. ### Source excerpt Also: Chinese open models match closed ones from Anthropic and OpenAI, AWS's "heart-attack" billing error, and more ## Pushing software engineering limits with "napkin math" DevFeed: [Pushing software engineering limits with "napkin math"]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-07-21T16:52:07Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Software Engineering](), [Development](), [cloud-infrastructure](), [Databases](), [AI Development](), [cursor](), [Shopify]() Tags: [ai](), [ai-engineer](), [build](), [cursor](), [engineering](), [programming](), [shopify](), [software](), [software-engineering]() ### AI overview The article examines Simon Eskildsen's approach to software engineering, including algorithmic programming, long-term infrastructure work at Shopify, and "napkin math" for estimating compute and data-transfer limits. It also discusses turbopuffer's origins, Cursor as an early customer, and considerations around venture-capital funding. ### Source excerpt Turbopuffer cofounder Simon Eskildsen on the benefits of longer tenure, using first principles to build durable software - and why founders should be cautious when raising VC money ## The Pulse: Grok's CLI caught uploading all your local files to the cloud DevFeed: [The Pulse: Grok's CLI caught uploading all your local files to the cloud]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-07-16T16:48:53Z Content type: news Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [Command-line interface](), [Cloud](), [Code review]() Tags: [cli](), [cloud](), [code-review](), [enterprise](), [pricing]() ### AI overview A Pulse newsletter item about Grok's CLI allegedly uploading local files to the cloud, along with concerns about rising code-review load and enterprise pricing. ### Source excerpt Also: engineering leaders concerned about continued increase in code review load, devs at enterprises surprised by high enterprise pricing, and more ## Context engineering with Dex Horthy DevFeed: [Context engineering with Dex Horthy]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Gergely Orosz Published: 2026-07-15T16:08:59Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [The Pragmatic Engineer]() Topics: [AI-assisted coding](), [Large Language Model](), [AI Agent](), [Code quality]() Tags: [ai](), [ai-agent](), [code-quality](), [context-engineering](), [langchain](), [llm]() ### AI overview Dex Horthy discusses context engineering for working around LLM context limitations in AI-assisted software development. The conversation covers context engineering, harness engineering, loop engineering, software factories, and automating more of the software development lifecycle while maintaining code quality. ### Source excerpt Dex Horthy explains why context engineering is key to building more effective AI-assisted software without sacrificing code quality.