# backhaul

Published articles for backhaul.

This is one page of public article previews, not the complete archive. Follow Next page to continue. Summaries are not the original full articles.

## How Rain Affects Wireless Microwave Links: 24 GHz, 60 GHz, and 80 GHz Compared

DevFeed: [How Rain Affects Wireless Microwave Links: 24 GHz, 60 GHz, and 80 GHz Compared](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/how-rain-affects-wireless-microwave-links-24-ghz-60-ghz-and-80-ghz-compared-40174.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://blog.j2sw.com/netops/wireless/rain-fade-microwave-links/>)

Author: j2sw

Published: 2026-06-15T09:47:43Z

Content type: tutorial

Language: en

Sources: [Justin Wilson (j2sw)](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/justin-wilson-j2sw.md>)

Topics: [Network](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/network.md>), [Network design](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/network-design.md>), [Internet](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/internet.md>), [data centers](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/data-centers.md>)

Tags: [24ghz](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/24ghz.md>), [60ghz](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/60ghz.md>), [80ghz](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/80ghz.md>), [adaptive](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/adaptive.md>), [backhaul](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/backhaul.md>), [capacity](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/capacity.md>), [changes](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/changes.md>), [e-band](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/e-band.md>), [error-correction](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/error-correction.md>), [fiber](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/fiber.md>), [microwave](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/microwave.md>), [network](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/network.md>), [network-design](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/network-design.md>), [perfomance](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/perfomance.md>), [radio](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/radio.md>), [reduction](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/reduction.md>), [rf](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/rf.md>), [wireless](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/wireless.md>), [wireless-networking](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/wireless-networking.md>)

### AI overview

This article explains how rain fade affects wireless microwave links, with emphasis on 24 GHz, 60 GHz, and 80 GHz bands. It describes how precipitation reduces signal strength, causes adaptive modulation and throughput reductions, and can eventually cause a link to drop when fade margin is exhausted.

### Source excerpt

Rain can have a major impact on wireless microwave links, especially as frequencies increase. Learn how rain fade affects 24 GHz, 60 GHz, and 80 GHz circuits, and why fade margin is critical for reliable network design. The post How Rain Affects Wireless Microwave Links: 24 GHz, 60 GHz, and 80 GHz Compared appeared first on Justin Wilson (j2sw).

## Who can light fibre in India?

DevFeed: [Who can light fibre in India?](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/who-can-light-fibre-in-india-39772.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://anuragbhatia.com/post/2026/02/who-can-light-fibre-in-india/>)

Published: 2026-02-21T20:49:05Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [Personal blog of Anurag Bhatia](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/personal-blog-of-anurag-bhatia.md>)

Topics: [Internet](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/internet.md>), [Cloud](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/cloud.md>), [hosting](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/hosting.md>), [datacenter](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/datacenter.md>)

Tags: [backhaul](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/backhaul.md>), [cloud](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cloud.md>), [connectivity](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/connectivity.md>), [datacenter](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/datacenter.md>), [hosting](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/hosting.md>), [india](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/india.md>), [infrastructure](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/infrastructure.md>), [mpls](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/mpls.md>), [regulatory](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/regulatory.md>), [routers](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/routers.md>), [vlan](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/vlan.md>)

### AI overview

The article discusses Indian telecom licensing rules for deploying, lighting, and reselling fibre outside a building. It explains that IP-1 providers may lease passive dark-fibre infrastructure but may not light it, while appropriately licensed ISPs may light fibre for end-user internet access and their own backhaul, not point-to-point connectivity.

### Source excerpt

Friend and his two homes... Recently, a friend of mine mentioned his plan to procure dark fibre to connect two of his homes. His idea was straightforward - get LCO to give a dark strand between both homes and run Bidi optics over it. I ended up telling him that while his idea is technically fine, as modern optics can easily cover that sort of distance, it would be illegal as per Indian telecom laws! It wasn't just him, but numerous content players, hosting companies, and Cloud players find it a bit odd when they find this out. In this post, I will document what is allowed and what is not allowed. Advance warning: I am a technical person & do not know much about regulatory. Whatever I am sharing here is what I have learned from my friends who have expertise in the subject. Indian telecom rules are overly complex and can have a different set of interpretations, and often go into the grey area. I welcome readers to share feedback if they are aware of something which isn't correct as per the regulation. With that warning out of the way, I will proceed with the post. Understanding licensing In India, when fibre is going outside of a given building, one needs to have a license to light it. In fact, not just "lighting up a dark fibre" but to deploy and resell dark fibre, one needs a license (IP-1). Infrastructure Provider Category 1 (or IP-1) is considered an easy license which can be used to sell passive assets such as dark fibre, ducts, towers, etc. Active infra i.e lighting up fibre, is not allowed under this license, and it's expected that an IP-1 holder leases their dark fibre only to a license holder who is authorised to light the fibre. Within a building, campus, datacenter, home etc one can deploy a light fibre but as soon as it goes outside of that it becomes a bit of a grey area depending on the use case. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) holding an ISP license or Unified License with ISP authorisation can light fibre but only for two specific purposes: Offering i