# checkpoint

Published articles for checkpoint.

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## 【etcd】Lease 与 KeepAlive：TTL、checkpoint 与 Leader 切换

DevFeed: [【etcd】Lease 与 KeepAlive：TTL、checkpoint 与 Leader 切换](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/etcd-lease-keepalive-ttl-checkpoint-leader-33992.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://quant67.com/post/etcd/10-lease/10-lease.html>)

Author: Liao Tonglang

Published: 2026-08-26T00:00:00Z

Content type: tutorial

Language: zh

Sources: [土法炼钢 - 系统与基础设施](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/source-4.md>)

Topics: [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/etcd.md>), [Raft](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/raft.md>), [Kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/kubernetes.md>), [Remote Procedure Call (RPC)](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/rpc.md>)

Tags: [api](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/api.md>), [checkpoint](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/checkpoint.md>), [client](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/client.md>), [concurrency](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/concurrency.md>), [distributed](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/distributed.md>), [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/etcd.md>), [follower](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/follower.md>), [k8s](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/k8s.md>), [keepalive](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/keepalive.md>), [kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/kubernetes.md>), [lease](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/lease.md>), [lessor](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/lessor.md>), [primary](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/primary.md>), [raft](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/raft.md>), [ttl](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/ttl.md>), [v3](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/v3.md>), [v3-5-33](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/v3-5-33.md>), [watch](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/watch.md>)

### AI overview

This article explains etcd v3.5.33 lease behavior, focusing on the lessor's primary, demote, and promote roles, the KeepAlive renewal path that normally bypasses Raft, lease checkpointing, and TTL changes during leader transitions. It also discusses implications for Kubernetes Node Leases and distributed locks.

### Source excerpt

钉 etcd v3.5.33 lessor 的 primary/demote/promote、KeepAlive 不经 Raft 的 Renew 路径、LeaseCheckpoint 与 Promote 时 TTL 展期，以及 Leader 切换对 Node Lease 的排障落格。

## How to Write to SSDs - Co-Designing DBMS and Flash Storage

DevFeed: [How to Write to SSDs - Co-Designing DBMS and Flash Storage](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/how-to-write-to-ssds-co-designing-dbms-and-flash-storage-39661.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://www.gauravsarma.com/posts/2026-06-22_optimising-ssd-writes-for-dbms>)

Published: 2026-06-22T00:00:00Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [Gaurav Sarma's Blog](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/gaurav-sarma-s-blog.md>)

Topics: [Database](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/database.md>), [Databases](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/databases.md>), [systems](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/systems.md>), [optimize](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/optimize.md>), [Parallelism](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/parallelism.md>)

Tags: [b-tree](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/b-tree.md>), [checkpoint](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/checkpoint.md>), [cycles](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cycles.md>), [database](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/database.md>), [databases](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/databases.md>), [latency](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/latency.md>), [mysql](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/mysql.md>), [optimize](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/optimize.md>), [optimizing](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/optimizing.md>), [postgresql](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/postgresql.md>), [ssd](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/ssd.md>), [storage](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/storage.md>), [systems](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/systems.md>), [wal](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/wal.md>), [write-amplification](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/write-amplification.md>)

### AI overview

The article explains how database management systems and SSDs jointly amplify writes. It reports that a 4 KiB logical page write can become about 18.85 KiB of flash writes on a Samsung PM9A3, and presents DBMS-SSD co-design, including avoiding in-place updates, as a way to address the combined amplification.

### Source excerpt

. [How to Write to SSDs](optimising-ssd-writes-for-dbms-cover...

## How Databases Checkpoint to Disk Without Stopping the World

DevFeed: [How Databases Checkpoint to Disk Without Stopping the World](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/how-databases-checkpoint-to-disk-without-stopping-the-world-39653.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://www.gauravsarma.com/posts/2026-03-15_checkpointing-without-stopping-the-world>)

Published: 2026-03-15T00:00:00Z

Content type: tutorial

Language: en

Sources: [Gaurav Sarma's Blog](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/gaurav-sarma-s-blog.md>)

Topics: [Databases](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/databases.md>), [PostgreSQL](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/postgresql.md>)

Tags: [checkpoint](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/checkpoint.md>), [crash-recovery](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/crash-recovery.md>), [databases](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/databases.md>), [latency](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/latency.md>), [postgresql](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/postgresql.md>), [snapshot](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/snapshot.md>), [wal](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/wal.md>)

### AI overview

A tutorial on database checkpointing explains why pausing writes to flush all dirty pages causes latency spikes and throughput stalls. It introduces fuzzy or online checkpointing, including PostgreSQL's WAL-based approach, which allows writes to continue while dirty pages are flushed and uses WAL replay during crash recovery.

### Source excerpt

Your database has gigabytes of dirty pages in memory. At some point they need to hit disk...

## Demystifying MongoDB write operations

DevFeed: [Demystifying MongoDB write operations](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/demystifying-mongodb-write-operations-39626.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://www.gauravsarma.com/posts/2024-02-18_Demystifying-MongoDB-write-operations-dbac459c9d26>)

Published: 2024-02-18T00:00:00Z

Content type: tutorial

Language: en

Sources: [Gaurav Sarma's Blog](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/gaurav-sarma-s-blog.md>)

Topics: [MongoDB](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/mongodb.md>), [Replication](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/replication.md>), [Cache](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/cache.md>)

Tags: [cache](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cache.md>), [checkpoint](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/checkpoint.md>), [command](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/command.md>), [memory](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/memory.md>), [mongodb](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/mongodb.md>), [replication](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/replication.md>), [storage-engine](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/storage-engine.md>)

### AI overview

This post explains MongoDB write operations by connecting WiredTiger caching, journaling, checkpointing, and replication. It describes how writes move through memory, the write-ahead log, and disk, including stated default flushing intervals and recovery behavior.

### Source excerpt

In this post, we will try to understand the different factors which control the write operations in MongoDB. We will try to tie in the common concepts like checkpointing, journaling, replication that we hear so often in the context of write operations...