# e-textile

Published articles for e-textile.

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## Packet Interval Modulation-based NFC for Scalable IoT around Meandered E-textile

DevFeed: [Packet Interval Modulation-based NFC for Scalable IoT around Meandered E-textile](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/packet-interval-modulation-based-nfc-for-scalable-iot-around-meandered-e-textile-104191.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35870>)

Author: Shigemi Ishida, Ryo Takahashi, Satoshi Ido

Published: 2026-10-28T04:00:00Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [arXiv: Networking](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/arxiv-networking.md>)

Topics: [Internet of things](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/iot.md>)

Tags: [asynchronous](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/asynchronous.md>), [cs-ni](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cs-ni.md>), [e-textile](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/e-textile.md>), [environmental-monitoring](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/environmental-monitoring.md>), [iot](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/iot.md>), [nfc](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/nfc.md>), [packet](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/packet.md>), [textile](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/textile.md>), [throughput](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/throughput.md>)

### AI overview

The paper proposes asynchronous NFC using packet interval modulation to handle a changing number of sensor tags. Tags send minimal ID-only packets as pulses and encode data in the intervals between them, leaving the channel mostly unoccupied and reducing collisions compared with time-slotted ALOHA. In simulations, the method achieves four times the throughput of ALOHA with ten tags and maintains over 160 bps per tag when the number of tags fluctuates by more than 20. These are simulation results; the supplied excerpt does not describe a real-world evaluation.

### Source excerpt

arXiv:2610.35870v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Near-field communication (NFC) sensor tags are promising for low-cost, scalable environmental monitoring due to their battery-free, maintenance-free operation. Recent advances in NFC reader garments, integrated with conductive textile coils, allow users to interact seamlessly with tags scattered across their daily environment. However, dynamically identifying and reading out a fluctuating number of tags remains challenging. If multiple tags speak and collide, they must randomly retry until an empty slot is found. Standard NFC identifies tags using time-slotted ALOHA, which assigns tags to fixed time slots. If multiple tags speak and collide, they must retry with a tag filter to avoid collision until all tags are identified. This rigid setup is fragile in dynamic settings; as tags enter and leave the communication range, the heavy overhead of slot re-negotiation and inevitable collisions restricts data throughput. Here, we propose an asynchronous NFC based on packet interval modulation. By treating minimal ID-only packets as pulses and encoding data in their intervals, we enable communication through silence. This ensures the channel remains mostly unoccupied, drastically reducing collisions even in high-density environments. Our simulations show that for ten tags, our method achieves a 4-fold increase in throughput compared to the ALOHA approach. Furthermore, the system remains robust, maintaining over 160 bps/tag throughput even under extreme fluctuations in the number of tags over 20.