# false negative

Published articles for false negative.

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## Calibrating LLM-Based Population Estimates with Human Validation

DevFeed: [Calibrating LLM-Based Population Estimates with Human Validation](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/calibrating-llm-based-population-estimates-with-human-validation-29997.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://engineering.indeedblog.com/blog/2026/08/calibrating-llm-based-population-estimates-with-human-validation/>)

Author: Hiroshi Urata

Published: 2026-08-12T00:29:34Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [Indeed](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/indeed.md>)

Topics: [Large Language Model](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/llm.md>), [human feedback](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/human-feedback.md>), [data](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/data.md>), [LLM evaluation / benchmarking](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/llm-evaluation-benchmarking.md>)

Tags: [classification](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/classification.md>), [data](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/data.md>), [data-science](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/data-science.md>), [dataset](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/dataset.md>), [evaluation](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/evaluation.md>), [false-negative](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-negative.md>), [false-positive](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-positive.md>), [llm](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/llm.md>), [machine-learning](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/machine-learning.md>), [measurement](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/measurement.md>), [validation](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/validation.md>)

### AI overview

The article explains how human validation can calibrate LLM-based population estimates. It distinguishes an LLM's apparent positive rate from true prevalence, uses human-validated samples to estimate sensitivity and specificity, and applies those error estimates to correct population-level measurements and quantify uncertainty.

### Source excerpt

Key Idea Human validation is not only for evaluating an LLM. It can also calibrate how the LLM is used as a scalable measurement instrument for population estimation. An LLM can classify thousands of records at low cost, but the proportion it classifies as positive is not necessarily the true proportion in the population. By [...]

## Bloom Filters vs Counting Bloom Filters: When Deletions Kill Performance

DevFeed: [Bloom Filters vs Counting Bloom Filters: When Deletions Kill Performance](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/bloom-filters-vs-counting-bloom-filters-when-deletions-kill-performance-39567.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://ankit-rana.com/logs/15-bloom-filters-deletable-bloom-filters/>)

Author: hello@ankit-rana.com

Published: 2026-03-17T00:00:00Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [Ankit Rana | Mechanical Sympathy](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/ankit-rana-mechanical-sympathy.md>)

Topics: [Algorithms](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/algorithms.md>), [Caching](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/caching.md>), [CPU Cache](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/cpu-cache.md>)

Tags: [bloom-filter](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/bloom-filter.md>), [cache](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cache.md>), [cpu](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cpu.md>), [cpu-cache](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cpu-cache.md>), [data-structures](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/data-structures.md>), [distributed-systems](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/distributed-systems.md>), [false-negative](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-negative.md>), [false-positives](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-positives.md>), [memory](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/memory.md>), [performance](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/performance.md>), [probabilistic](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/probabilistic.md>), [systems](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/systems.md>)

### AI overview

The article explains that standard Bloom filters support membership checks but not deletion because clearing shared bits can create false negatives. Counting Bloom filters enable deletion with counters, but their larger memory footprint can push lookups out of CPU cache and increase latency through random memory access.

### Source excerpt

A standard Bloom filter is append-only because bits are shared between items, so clearing a bit for one item can create a false negative for another. Counting Bloom filters fix deletion by replacing each bit with a 4-bit or 8-bit counter, which multiplies the footprint four to eight times, pushes the structure out of L3, and turns each of the k lookups into a roughly 100 ns RAM hit instead of a 10 ns cache hit.

## Always Check Your Tests Against Faulty Inputs

DevFeed: [Always Check Your Tests Against Faulty Inputs](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/always-check-your-tests-against-faulty-inputs-11218.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://blog.ipspace.net/2025/07/tests-should-detect-errors/>)

Published: 2025-07-21T05:19:00Z

Content type: tutorial

Language: en

Sources: [ipSpace.net blog](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/ipspace-net-blog.md>)

Topics: [Testing](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/testing.md>), [Network](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/network.md>)

Tags: [automation](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/automation.md>), [blog](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/blog.md>), [blog-post](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/blog-post.md>), [false-negative](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-negative.md>), [false-positive](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-positive.md>), [false-positives](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-positives.md>), [netlab](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/netlab.md>), [network](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/network.md>), [ospf](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/ospf.md>), [testing](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/testing.md>), [tests](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/tests.md>)

### AI overview

The article explains that tests must be checked with faulty inputs, not only under correct conditions. It uses a netlab integration test for mismatched OSPF network types as an example of a test that could miss the targeted error, and warns that false positives can be more harmful than false negatives.

### Source excerpt

A while ago, I published a blog post proudly describing the netlab integration test that should check for incorrect OSPF network types in netlab-generated device configurations. Almost immediately, Erik Auerswald pointed out that my test wouldn't detect that error (it might detect other errors, though) as the OSPF network adjacency is always established even when the adjacent routers have mismatching OSPF network types. I made one of the oldest testing mistakes: I checked whether my test would work under the correct conditions but not whether it would detect an incorrect condition. Read more ...

## How libuv CVE-2024-24806 can evade scanners and expose internal services

DevFeed: [How libuv CVE-2024-24806 can evade scanners and expose internal services](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/unpacking-libuv-s-cve-2024-24806-software-dark-matter-will-go-under-the-radar-not-in-chainguard-images-tho-13306.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://www.chainguard.dev/unchained/unpacking-libuvs-cve-2024-24806-software-dark-matter-will-go-under-the-radar-not-in-chainguard-images-tho>)

Published: 2024-02-16T00:00:00Z

Content type: opinion

Language: en

Sources: [Chainguard: Unchained](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/chainguard-unchained.md>)

Topics: [software dark matter](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/software-dark-matter.md>), [Security](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/security.md>), [Vulnerabilities](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/vulnerabilities.md>), [Containers](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/containers.md>), [Kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/kubernetes.md>)

Tags: [container](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/container.md>), [cve](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cve.md>), [cve-2024-24806](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cve-2024-24806.md>), [false-negative](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-negative.md>), [kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/kubernetes.md>), [libuv](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/libuv.md>), [sbom](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/sbom.md>), [security](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/security.md>), [security-research](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/security-research.md>), [software-dark-matter](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/software-dark-matter.md>), [vulnerabilities](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/vulnerabilities.md>)

### AI overview

The article examines CVE-2024-24806, a libuv vulnerability caused by hostname truncation without a terminating null byte when the hostname exceeds 256 characters. It explains how the flaw can enable SSRF and unauthorized access to internal APIs, including in multi-pod Kubernetes environments, and why vendored or bundled components may evade scanners and SBOM tools.

### Source excerpt

Uncover Chainguard's approach to detecting and neutralizing hidden threats like CVE-2024-24806 in container environments.

## How "junk CVEs" can misclassify ordinary bugs as vulnerabilities

DevFeed: [How "junk CVEs" can misclassify ordinary bugs as vulnerabilities](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/the-unmasking-of-the-phantom-s-masquerade-when-junk-cves-reveal-their-true-nature-13275.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://www.chainguard.dev/unchained/the-unmasking-of-the-phantoms-masquerade-when-junk-cves-reveal-their-true-nature>)

Published: 2023-10-17T00:00:00Z

Content type: opinion

Language: en

Sources: [Chainguard: Unchained](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/chainguard-unchained.md>)

Topics: [Vulnerabilities](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/vulnerabilities.md>), [chainguard images](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/chainguard-images.md>), [Maintainers](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/maintainers.md>), [NVD](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/nvd.md>), [Open Source](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/open-source.md>)

Tags: [chainguard-images](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/chainguard-images.md>), [code](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/code.md>), [cve](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cve.md>), [cves](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cves.md>), [developer](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/developer.md>), [false-negative](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-negative.md>), [false-positive](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-positive.md>), [maintainers](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/maintainers.md>), [nvd](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/nvd.md>), [open-source](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/open-source.md>), [vulnerabilities](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/vulnerabilities.md>), [vulnerability-management](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/vulnerability-management.md>)

### AI overview

The article explains the concept of "junk CVEs," in which scanners report ordinary bugs as vulnerabilities. Through a fictional Halloween story, it describes how maintainers may dispute these reports and promotes Chainguard Images as a way to reduce reported vulnerabilities.

### Source excerpt

Unveil 'junk CVEs' with Chainguard Images, your ally against disguised vulnerabilities, ensuring a secure codebase this Halloween.

## The haunting of CVE-2022-3474: A ghostly tale of package detection failure

DevFeed: [The haunting of CVE-2022-3474: A ghostly tale of package detection failure](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/the-haunting-of-cve-2022-3474-a-ghostly-tale-of-package-detection-failure-13254.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://www.chainguard.dev/unchained/the-haunting-of-cve-2022-3474-a-ghostly-tale-of-package-detection-failure>)

Published: 2023-10-10T00:00:00Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [Chainguard: Unchained](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/chainguard-unchained.md>)

Topics: [vulnerability](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/vulnerability.md>), [container images](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/container-images.md>), [chainguard images](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/chainguard-images.md>), [vulnerability management](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/vulnerability-management.md>), [bazel](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/bazel.md>), [trivy](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/trivy.md>)

Tags: [bazel](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/bazel.md>), [chainguard-images](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/chainguard-images.md>), [container-images](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/container-images.md>), [cve-2022-3474](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cve-2022-3474.md>), [false-negative](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-negative.md>), [trivy](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/trivy.md>), [vulnerability-management](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/vulnerability-management.md>)

### AI overview

The article explains how scanners can produce false negatives when they fail to identify a package in a container image. Using CVE-2022-3474 in Bazel 5.3.1 as an example, it describes how missing Bazel package metadata prevented Trivy from detecting the vulnerability and presents Chainguard Images' package metadata and SBOMs as a way to improve detection.

### Source excerpt

Explore the risks of scanner false negatives, the pitfalls of missing the Bazel package, and how Chainguard Images ensure accurate vulnerability detection.

## Why Chainguard uses Grype as its first line of defense for CVEs

DevFeed: [Why Chainguard uses Grype as its first line of defense for CVEs](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/why-chainguard-uses-grype-as-its-first-line-of-defense-for-cves-13327.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://www.chainguard.dev/unchained/why-chainguard-uses-grype-as-its-first-line-of-defense-for-cves>)

Published: 2023-10-06T00:00:00Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [Chainguard: Unchained](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/chainguard-unchained.md>)

Topics: [grype](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/grype.md>), [chainguard](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/chainguard.md>), [Vulnerabilities](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/vulnerabilities.md>), [Security](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/security.md>), [Open Source](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/open-source.md>), [chainguard images](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/chainguard-images.md>), [container images](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/container-images.md>), [Go](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/go.md>), [trivy](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/trivy.md>)

Tags: [chainguard](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/chainguard.md>), [chainguard-images](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/chainguard-images.md>), [container-images](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/container-images.md>), [cve-remediation](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cve-remediation.md>), [cves](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cves.md>), [false-negative](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-negative.md>), [false-positive](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-positive.md>), [go](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/go.md>), [grype](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/grype.md>), [open-source](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/open-source.md>), [prisma-cloud](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/prisma-cloud.md>), [sbom](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/sbom.md>), [security](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/security.md>), [snyk](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/snyk.md>), [trivy](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/trivy.md>), [vex](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/vex.md>)

### AI overview

Chainguard explains why it selected Grype as the foundation of its internal vulnerability detection system. The article describes scanning early in the software delivery pipeline, using Grype as a Go library to scan Wolfi APK packages before container images are built, and contributing vulnerability data and improvements to the open-source project. It also briefly compares Grype's open data pipeline with Trivy's.

### Source excerpt

Chainguard harnesses Grype's open-source power to ensure minimal CVEs in images, prioritizing user security.

## How a false negative obscured CVE-2023-2454 in a PostgreSQL image

DevFeed: [How a false negative obscured CVE-2023-2454 in a PostgreSQL image](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/the-haunting-of-cve-2023-2454-a-developer-s-nightmare-13255.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://www.chainguard.dev/unchained/the-haunting-of-cve-2023-2454-a-developers-nightmare>)

Published: 2023-10-03T00:00:00Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [Chainguard: Unchained](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/chainguard-unchained.md>)

Topics: [container-security](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/container-security.md>), [Vulnerabilities](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/vulnerabilities.md>), [chainguard images](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/chainguard-images.md>), [trivy](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/trivy.md>), [PostgreSQL](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/postgresql.md>)

Tags: [chainguard-images](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/chainguard-images.md>), [container-security](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/container-security.md>), [cve-2023-2454](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cve-2023-2454.md>), [false-negative](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/false-negative.md>), [postgresql](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/postgresql.md>), [trivy](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/trivy.md>), [vulnerability](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/vulnerability.md>), [vulnerability-scanner](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/vulnerability-scanner.md>), [vulnerability-scanning](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/vulnerability-scanning.md>)

### AI overview

The article explains how insufficient vulnerability database metadata can cause a scanner to miss CVE-2023-2454 in a PostgreSQL image. It presents Chainguard Images as often containing fixes for vulnerabilities that scanners miss.

### Source excerpt

Unearth a haunting tale of overlooked threats in scanning. Discover how Chainguard Images counteract gaps, ensuring robust defense against CVEs.