# five-axes

Published articles for five-axes.

This is one page of public article previews, not the complete archive. Follow Next page to continue. Summaries are not the original full articles.

## 【kube-apiserver】排障五轴：Storage、Watch、Admission、Auth、APF

DevFeed: [【kube-apiserver】排障五轴：Storage、Watch、Admission、Auth、APF](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/kube-apiserver-storage-watch-admission-auth-apf-33971.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://quant67.com/post/apiserver/15-troubleshoot/15-troubleshoot.html>)

Author: Liao Tonglang

Published: 2026-08-28T00:00:00Z

Content type: tutorial

Language: zh

Sources: [土法炼钢 - 系统与基础设施](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/source-4.md>)

Topics: [Kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/kubernetes.md>), [API](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/api.md>), [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/etcd.md>)

Tags: [admission](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/admission.md>), [apf](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/apf.md>), [apiserver](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/apiserver.md>), [auth](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/auth.md>), [authz](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/authz.md>), [distributed](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/distributed.md>), [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/etcd.md>), [five-axes](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/five-axes.md>), [kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/kubernetes.md>), [metrics](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/metrics.md>), [storage](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/storage.md>), [troubleshooting](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/troubleshooting.md>), [v1-30-3](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/v1-30-3.md>), [watch](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/watch.md>)

### AI overview

A troubleshooting guide for kube-apiserver organized around five diagnostic axes: Storage, Watch, Admission, Auth, and API Priority and Fairness. It maps symptoms such as 504, 410 Gone, 401, 403, webhook timeouts, list storms, and OOM to likely axes, explains when to investigate etcd, and emphasizes that commands and metrics were not executed in the author's environment.

### Source excerpt

按 Storage/Watch/Admission/Auth/APF 五轴做症状否证；给出完整五轴命令表与症状->轴映射（504、410、401、403、webhook 超时、List 风暴、OOM）；说明 apiserver_request_duration_seconds 等核心 metrics 语义；并提供决策树：何时穿透到 etcd/15，何时留在 apiserver 轴。

## 【etcd】排障五轴：Raft/WAL/MVCC/Watch/Lease 口令表

DevFeed: [【etcd】排障五轴：Raft/WAL/MVCC/Watch/Lease 口令表](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/etcd-raft-wal-mvcc-watch-lease-33997.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://quant67.com/post/etcd/15-troubleshoot/15-troubleshoot.html>)

Author: Liao Tonglang

Published: 2026-08-26T00:00:00Z

Content type: tutorial

Language: zh

Sources: [土法炼钢 - 系统与基础设施](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/source-4.md>)

Topics: [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/etcd.md>), [Kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/kubernetes.md>)

Tags: [apiserver](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/apiserver.md>), [applied-index](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/applied-index.md>), [apply](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/apply.md>), [committed-index](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/committed-index.md>), [compaction](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/compaction.md>), [distributed](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/distributed.md>), [errcompacted](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/errcompacted.md>), [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/etcd.md>), [five-axes](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/five-axes.md>), [incident](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/incident.md>), [keepalive](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/keepalive.md>), [kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/kubernetes.md>), [lag](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/lag.md>), [lease](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/lease.md>), [mvcc](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/mvcc.md>), [node-lease](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/node-lease.md>), [raft](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/raft.md>), [restore](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/restore.md>), [troubleshooting](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/troubleshooting.md>), [ttl](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/ttl.md>), [v3](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/v3.md>), [v3-5](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/v3-5.md>), [v3-5-33](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/v3-5-33.md>), [wal](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/wal.md>), [watch](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/watch.md>)

### AI overview

This troubleshooting article organizes etcd failures into five diagnostic axes: Raft consensus, WAL persistence and recovery, MVCC storage and capacity, Watch client synchronization, and Lease TTL semantics. It maps symptoms to axes, explains relevant etcdctl health and status fields, and notes Kubernetes control-plane relationships, including apiserver and Node Lease behavior. The article is anchored to etcd v3.5.33.

### Source excerpt

按 Raft、WAL、MVCC、Watch、Lease 五轴做症状否证；解释 etcdctl endpoint status/health 字段语义；并对照 K8s 控制面 apiserver 超时与 Node Lease 漂移。