# kali Published articles for kali. This is one page of public article previews, not the complete archive. Follow Next page to continue. Summaries are not the original full articles. ## Building Windows C# Tools and Payloads from Kali Linux DevFeed: [Building Windows C# Tools and Payloads from Kali Linux]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2026-11-04T00:00:00Z Content type: tutorial Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Cross-Compilation](), [builds](), [Windows](), [WINE](), [.NET Framework](), [console](), [Process]() Tags: [advanced](), [c-sharp](), [clm](), [compile](), [distribution](), [kali](), [kali-linux](), [kalilinux](), [linux](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [testing](), [tools](), [windows]() ### AI overview The article shows how Kali Linux can build and run Windows C# artifacts for penetration-testing exercises. Install `mono-devel` and use `mcs` to compile C# into a Windows executable or DLL; `wine` with `wine-mono` can run ordinary binaries on Kali. A Constrained Language Mode bypass example additionally requires Microsoft PowerShell and installer DLLs, which the article locates in files downloaded by configuring `powershell-empire`. It also describes using the `csharp` interpreter with a shell function to transform `msfvenom` output, and compiling Rubeus with `dotnet publish` using a patch for a self-contained build. For DotNetToJScript, the authors use repository binaries because they could not compile them; that workflow requires `wine` and `dotnet35`, since `wine-mono` alone did not work. These are article-specific procedures; the supplied text does not establish broader compatibility or current package availability. ### Source excerpt One of our team members recently took (and passed!) OffSec's advanced penetration testing course & exam, PEN-300/OSEP. Whilst it focuses a lot on Microsoft Windows, there were a few extra places where Linux could be used to complete the same task... just quicker! Compiling C# code in Kali In general, what you need for compiling CSharp (C#) code in Kali is mono-devel : kali@kali:~$ sudo apt install mono-devel Now we need some code to compile. Here's a very basic way of executing a program (process): using System; using System.Diagnostics; namespace Exec { class Program { static void Main() { Process proc = new Process(); ProcessStartInfo procInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd.exe", "/T:09 /K systeminfo"); procInfo.CreateNoWindow = false; procInfo.UseShellExecute = false; proc.StartInfo = procInfo; proc.Start(); } } } If you would like some more examples to get you going, try a Shellcode Launcher or a Simple Reverse Shell. All that is left is to compile: kali@kali:~$ TERM=linux mcs -out:exec.exe exec.cs kali@kali:~$ kali@kali:~$ file exec.* exec.cs: C++ source, ASCII text exec.exe: PE32 executable for MS Windows 4.00 (console), Intel i386 Mono/.Net assembly, 3 sections kali@kali:~$ How to run these binaries from Kali Linux Simple: just install wine and wine-mono. It's really handy, as you can test your Windows binaries (even reverse shells) directly from Kali: kali@kali:~$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 kali@kali:~$ sudo apt update [...] kali@kali:~$ sudo apt -y install wine32 [...] kali@kali:~$ # Install wine-mono kali@kali:~$ wget https://dl.winehq.org/wine/wine-mono/11.3.0/wine-mono-11.3.0-x86.msi [...] kali@kali:~$ kali@kali:~$ wine msiexec /i wine-mono-11.3.0-x86.msi [...] kali@kali:~$ And now, to run your freshly built .exe binary, just use: kali@kali:~$ wine exec.exe Constrained Language Mode Bypass It's not always that easy -- sometimes things get a bit trickier. For example, for compiling the Constrained Language Mode (CLM) bypass section, we need some DLL libr ## Kali Linux 2026.3 adds six security tools, updated KDE Plasma and Linux kernel DevFeed: [Kali Linux 2026.3 adds six security tools, updated KDE Plasma and Linux kernel]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Ivan Franco Published: 2026-10-28T17:35:00Z Content type: release Language: en Sources: [TechSpot]() Topics: [Tool](), [Linux Kernel](), [Build tool](), [XSS](), [Windows Subsystem for Linux](), [CI/CD](), [Bluetooth]() Tags: [2026](), [3](), [build](), [docker](), [kali](), [kali-linux](), [kde](), [kde-plasma](), [kernel](), [linux](), [linux-kernel](), [packages](), [plasma](), [podman](), [port](), [scanning](), [security](), [security-tools](), [tools](), [updated]() ### AI overview Kali Linux 2026.3 updates KDE Plasma to 6.7, moves the kernel from 6.19 to 7.1.5, and includes 126 package updates. Six tools are added to the network repositories: Dalfox for automated XSS scanning, Katana for crawling and spidering, qsreplace for replacing URL query values, RustScan for port scanning, SDRangel for software-defined radio, and Snaffler-ng for scanning SMB shares for credentials and sensitive data. Refreshed build scripts now use consistent features and arguments across platforms and support building in Docker or Podman through build-in-container.sh, which detects the available engine and runs the build in a container. Plasma 6.7 adds per-screen virtual desktops, alongside workflow, performance, and power-use improvements. The release also includes icon updates and fixes and additions for supported devices and Kali NetHunter. ### Source excerpt Kali Linux 2026.3 introduces six new security tools, including RustScan for port scanning, Dalfox for XSS testing, and Katana for web crawling. The update also brings KDE Plasma 6.7 with per-screen virtual desktops, Linux kernel 7.1.5, 126 updated packages, and refreshed build scripts with Docker and Podman support. Read Entire Article ## Kali Linux 2026.3 released with 6 new tools, desktop updates DevFeed: [Kali Linux 2026.3 released with 6 new tools, desktop updates]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Sergiu Gatlan Published: 2026-10-26T10:26:52Z Content type: news Language: en Sources: [BleepingComputer]() Topics: [Linux](), [version](), [Tool](), [Platform Engineering](), [Windows Subsystem for Linux]() Tags: [2026](), [build](), [computer-help](), [computers](), [environment](), [ethical-hacking](), [hacking](), [improvements](), [kali](), [kali-linux](), [kali-nethunter](), [linux](), [mac](), [malware](), [malware-removal](), [penetration-testing](), [release](), [scripts](), [security](), [spyware](), [support](), [tech-support](), [technical-support](), [tools](), [updates](), [version](), [virus](), [virus-removal](), [windows]() ### AI overview Kali Linux 2026.3 adds six tools: Dalfox, Katana, qsreplace, RustScan, SDRangel, and Snaffler-ng. The release updates 126 packages, adds libraries, and upgrades the kernel from 6.19 to 7.1.5. Desktop changes include KDE Plasma 6.7, new icons, per-screen virtual desktops, and workflow and performance refinements. Refreshed image-build scripts aim for consistent features and command-line options across platforms and add container builds with Docker or Podman; some scripts remain to be refreshed, with completion targeted for 2026.4. Users can upgrade an existing installation or download an ISO. The excerpt also recommends WSL 2 for graphical applications and provides commands to upgrade and check the installed version. ### Source excerpt Kali Linux has released version 2026.3, its third release this year, featuring six new hacking tools, desktop environment improvements, refreshed build scripts, and more. [...] ## Kali Linux 2026.3 Release (Build-Scripts Refresh) DevFeed: [Kali Linux 2026.3 Release (Build-Scripts Refresh)]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2026-10-26T00:00:00Z Content type: release Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Linux](), [Tool](), [releases](), [CI/CD]() Tags: [2026](), [2026-2](), [advanced](), [arguments](), [based](), [build](), [building](), [ci](), [container](), [desktop](), [distribution](), [docker](), [documentation](), [engine](), [icons](), [kali](), [kali-linux](), [kalilinux](), [linux](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [podman](), [refresh](), [release](), [scripts](), [testing]() ### AI overview Kali Linux 2026.3 refreshes its public build scripts to make them more consistent across platforms and adds container builds using Docker or Podman through `build-in-container.sh`. The example builds an AMD64 rolling installer with `build.sh`; users can also choose options such as hostname, packages, branch, variant, and architecture. Debian-based build documentation is still being improved, and the refresh is incomplete: Kali aims to update the remaining scripts for 2026.4. The release also updates KDE Plasma to 6.7, adds tools and icons, includes 126 package updates and kernel 7.1.5, and brings NetHunter changes. Weekly images provide newer snapshots but do not receive the same QA as standard releases. ### Source excerpt We are back with Kali Linux 2026.3, the third release of the year! We have been busy making it easier to build Kali, updating the desktop experience, and bringing in more tools for you. Ready to get your hands on it? Head over to the download page, or upgrade your existing installation to get started. Here is what has changed since the 2026.2 release from June: Build-Scripts Refresh - Building Kali has never been so easy Desktop Updates - KDE Plasma & New Icons New Tools - As always, we have added various new tools Build-Scripts Refresh Back in Kali 2026.2, we gave a sneak peek that we were working on our build-scripts. Well, here it is! We have always made our build-scripts public. These are the same scripts we use to generate every official Kali image available from kali.org/get-kali. Building your own Kali image may sound scary, but it is not as hard as it looks (see the quick example below). We've brought consistency to our build-scripts across platforms. Each one now has the same features, command-line arguments, structure and layout (where possible), and the same look and feel. Would you rather build inside a container? That is now supported, with both Docker and Podman! Each refreshed build-script comes with build-in-container.sh, which detects which container engine you have, creates the build container, and then runs the build from within it. Previously, we had recommended building Kali on Kali, which caused a bit of a chicken-and-egg problem. We have also improved the documentation for building Kali on Debian-based systems. These changes are still underway. We are sorry for any CI pipelines or workflows we have broken along the way. Hopefully, the breakage is now behind us. Quick Example: kali-installer Let's build our own Kali installer image, the same one you would download from us. First, install git and clone the repository: $ sudo apt install git ca-certificates $ git clone https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/build-scripts/kali-installer.git $ cd ./kali-inst ## Parrot OS on Raspberry Pi: A Kali Linux Alternative DevFeed: [Parrot OS on Raspberry Pi: A Kali Linux Alternative]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Usman Qamar Published: 2026-10-22T03:41:42Z Content type: tutorial Language: en Sources: [RaspberryTips]() Topics: [Raspberry Pi](), [Linux](), [net-tools](), [Learning]() Tags: [alternatives](), [but](), [choice](), [distribution](), [featured](), [go](), [how-to-tutorials](), [i](), [isn-t](), [it](), [it-s](), [kali](), [linux](), [make](), [movies](), [option](), [os](), [parrot-os](), [pi](), [raspberry](), [raspberry-pi]() ### AI overview Parrot OS is a Debian-based Raspberry Pi distribution for security work, digital forensics, and privacy. Its Core edition provides base packages, Home includes privacy tools but omits security and penetration-testing tools, and Security bundles those tools. The article presents Kali Linux as the better fit for penetration testing alone, while describing Parrot as more beginner-friendly with added privacy features at the cost of a heavier system. Installation uses a downloaded IoT image flashed to a microSD card with Raspberry Pi Imager's "Use custom" option; Raspberry Pi Imager does not list Parrot OS as a default system. Initial setup includes changing the default UK keyboard layout, creating a user and adding it to sudo, connecting over DHCP or configuring a static IP, and updating packages. Headless use requires enabling SSH; VNC requires installing TightVNC Server and setting an access password. The excerpt covers AnonSurf for systemwide Tor routing, NMap for network scans, Wireshark for traffic capture, and Aircrack-NG tools, which require Wi-Fi monitor-mode support; the author reports that it was unavailable on their Raspberry Pi 400. ### Source excerpt I've always been a fan of Kali Linux. It's my go-to distribution for security projects, and seeing it featured in movies probably helped make it my default choice over the years. But Kali isn't the only option out there, and even on a Raspberry Pi, there are alternatives worth considering. Parrot OS is one of... ## The Blue Agent POV: Investigating Multi-Platform Data Exfiltration Across AWS and GitHub DevFeed: [The Blue Agent POV: Investigating Multi-Platform Data Exfiltration Across AWS and GitHub]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Zoe Rabi Published: 2026-09-29T12:42:40Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [Wiz]() Topics: [Amazon Web Services](), [GitHub](), [multi-accounting fraud]() Tags: [agent](), [api](), [automation](), [aws](), [compliance](), [data-exfiltration](), [detection](), [developer](), [github](), [hosting](), [kali](), [linux](), [multiple-accounts](), [personal](), [privacy](), [remote-access](), [soc](), [wiz-defend]() ### AI overview Wiz describes how its autonomous SOC investigator traced a suspicious CI/CD service account alert across AWS, GitHub, and other platforms. The investigation identified compromised credentials across multiple accounts, stolen source code, and custom data exfiltration tooling. ### Source excerpt See how the Blue Agent investigated a multi-platform attack in minutes, following evidence across AWS and GitHub to uncover compromised credentials, stolen source code, and custom data exfiltration tooling ## How to Set Up Hibernation on Linux (Swap Done Right) DevFeed: [How to Set Up Hibernation on Linux (Swap Done Right)]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Hayden James Published: 2026-08-24T15:11:25Z Content type: tutorial Language: en Sources: [Hayden James]() Topics: [Linux](), [Linux Kernel](), [xfce]() Tags: [archlinux](), [blog](), [browser](), [cache](), [debian](), [desktop](), [distro](), [gaming](), [gimp](), [hardware](), [hibernate](), [image](), [kali](), [kernel](), [linux](), [linux-distribution](), [memory](), [paging](), [partition](), [power-management](), [ram](), [resume](), [rhel](), [xfce]() ### AI overview The excerpt explains why a swap partition sized to RAM can still run short of space for hibernation: it also holds memory paged out during normal use. Hibernation needs enough free space on its resume device for the compressed RAM image at the time it runs; the kernel aims to keep that image under about two-fifths of RAM, though actual size depends on how compressible memory is. The author's proposed fix is to use a swapfile for everyday paging and keep a separate swap partition mostly empty for hibernation, avoiding repartitioning. The excerpt does not include the setup steps. ### Source excerpt I recently reinstalled my main desktop from scratch: Debian testing via Kali underneath (read first before judging) and XFCE on top. One of the reasons I keep coming back to XFCE is its built-in power management. Continue reading... ## Kali Linux 2026.2 Release (GNOME 50, KDE 6.6, Helper Scripts, APT Formats & VM Boot Tweaking) DevFeed: [Kali Linux 2026.2 Release (GNOME 50, KDE 6.6, Helper Scripts, APT Formats & VM Boot Tweaking)]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2026-06-29T00:00:00Z Content type: release Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Linux](), [scylladb](), [apt](), [boot](), [Kernel](), [Usability](), [Web Accessibility (a11y)]() Tags: [2026-2](), [accessibility](), [advanced](), [apt](), [boot](), [distribution](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [kernel](), [linux](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [release](), [testing](), [usability]() ### AI overview Kali Linux 2026.2 is a scheduled release featuring GNOME 50 and KDE Plasma 6.6 updates, infrastructure and helper-script changes, an updated APT format, VM boot optimizations, a reboot warning, kernel information, build-script changes, and nine new packages. ### Source excerpt It's the final week of Q2, and Kali Linux 2026.2 is here - right on schedule ;) We have been heads down since our last release, and we are ready to share what we have been working on. This release is a mix of desktop refreshes, infrastructure improvements, and quality-of-life changes that we think you will appreciate. The summary of the changelog since the 2026.1 release from March is: Desktop Environments - Bump to GNOME 50 and KDE Plasma 6.6 Helper Scripts Consistency - Consistency to our little launches at starting services APT Format - Goodbye sources.list, hello sources.list.d/kali.source VM Boot Optimisation - Smaller initrd + faster boot times = happy virtual machine users Reboot Warning - Heads-up, polkit and xrdp upgrades require a system reboot Kali Kernel Incoming - Staying with 6.19 for now, how to get 7.0 early Build Scripts Incoming - Heads-up with some changing on the way New Tools - As always, various new shiny packages have been added (9!) Desktop Environments Updates As we do roughly every six months, every other Kali release, our desktop environments get a major update. This time it's for: GNOME and KDE Plasma. Neither brings sweeping changes, but both have put real effort into refining performance and usability across the whole ecosystem. GNOME 50 GNOME 50 brings usability and performance improvements across the desktop. The file manager received significant optimizations, resulting in faster thumbnail and icon loading, improved responsiveness, and reduced memory usage. The desktop also received new accessibility enhancements through a brand-new preferences window, tweaks to the screen reader, and automatic language switching. Another addition is support for document annotations in the Document Viewer app, making it easier to add text notes and highlights directly to documents. Here you can read more about all the changes with this new GNOME release: GNOME 50 release announcement. KDE Plasma 6.6 KDE Plasma 6.6 focuses on improving usability and a ## Kali Linux 2026.1 Release (2026 Theme & BackTrack Mode) DevFeed: [Kali Linux 2026.1 Release (2026 Theme & BackTrack Mode)]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2026-03-24T00:00:00Z Content type: release Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Linux](), [releases](), [Cybersecurity](), [boot](), [interface](), [Terminal]() Tags: [2026](), [advanced](), [boot](), [boot-process](), [browser](), [cybersecurity](), [distribution](), [interface](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [linux](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [release](), [releases](), [terminal](), [testing]() ### AI overview Kali Linux 2026.1 is a new release featuring a refreshed visual theme, updated boot animation, a BackTrack mode for Kali-Undercover, community birthday activities, and eight new tools. ### Source excerpt New year, new release - Kali 2026.1 is here! There is everything from a fresh coat of paint to a nod to our roots, with normal ongoing improvements. Building on from December's 2025.4, the summary of the changelog: 2026 Theme Refresh - Our yearly theme refresh BackTrack Mode For Kali-Undercover - New mode celebrating BackTrack's 20th anniversary Kali's 13th Birthday Event - A little community event New Tools - 8 new programs 2026 Theme Refresh As with previous 20xx.1 releases, this major update brings our annual theme refresh, a long-standing tradition that keeps the Kali Linux interface as modern and innovative. This year's release unveils a brand-new theme from the moment you boot. Everything from the boot menu, installer to the login display, and a fresh set of desktop wallpapers. Boot Animation The changes to the boot animation are subtle, but now the animation is fixed for live images, where it used to get stuck at the beginning, showing only the tail. It will also restart the loop in case the boot process takes longer, making it look smoother. Your browser does not support the video tag. Boot Menu Graphical Installer Login Desktop Kali Purple Desktop New Wallpapers BackTrack Mode For Kali-Undercover 2026 marks the 20th anniversary of BackTrack Linux, the predecessor to Kali. To celebrate this milestone, we wanted to bring back some nostalgia for longtime users of this legendary cybersecurity distribution by adding a "BackTrack mode" to kali-undercover. This mode transforms the desktop to recreate the look and feel of BackTrack 5, with the same wallpaper, colors, and window themes. You can run it directly from the menu or by running kali-undercover --backtrack in the terminal. You can switch back to the default Kali desktop (or not) by running it again. Your browser does not support the video tag. Here is a screenshot of BackTrack 5, so you can compare it with our theme: Kali's 13th Birthday Event Kali recently had our 13th birthday. To celebrate this, our disc ## Kali & LLM: Completely local with Ollama & 5ire DevFeed: [Kali & LLM: Completely local with Ollama & 5ire]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2026-03-10T00:00:00Z Content type: tutorial Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Large Language Model](), [Ollama](), [GPU](), [Hardware](), [CUDA](), [Model Context Protocol](), [Linux](), [Kernel](), [apt]() Tags: [advanced](), [apt](), [cuda](), [distribution](), [gpu](), [hardware](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [kernel](), [linux](), [llm](), [local](), [local-llms](), [ollama](), [open-source](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [testing]() ### AI overview A tutorial for running an LLM-driven Kali Linux setup entirely locally and offline using a GeForce GTX 1060, NVIDIA drivers, Ollama, 5ire, and an MCP Kali server. It covers hardware and driver checks, Ollama installation, model selection, testing, and MCP server setup. ### Source excerpt We are extending our LLM-driven Kali series, where natural language replaces manual command input. This time however, we are doing everything locally and offline. We are using our own hardware and not relying on any 3rd party services/SaaS. Note: Local LLMs are hardware-hungry. The cost factor here is buying hardware and the running costs. If you have anything that you can re-use, great! GPU (Nvidia) Let's first find out what our hardware is: $ lspci | grep -i vga 07:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1) $ NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (6 GB). Drivers We will check that our hardware is ready by making sure "non-free" proprietary drivers are installed. The non-free option allows for CUDA support which the open-source, nouveau, drivers lack. At the same time, make sure our Kernel and headers are at the latest version too: $ sudo apt update [...] $ $ sudo apt install -y linux-image-$(dpkg --print-architecture) linux-headers-$(dpkg --print-architecture) nvidia-driver nvidia-smi [...] │ Conflicting nouveau kernel module loaded │ │ The free nouveau kernel module is currently loaded and conflicts with the non-free nvidia kernel module. │ │ The easiest way to fix this is to reboot the machine once the installation has finished. | [...] $ $ sudo reboot Using a different GPU manufacture, such as AMD or Intel etc, is out of scope for this guide. Testing Once the box is back up and we are logged in again, we can do a quick check with nvidia-smi: $ lspci -s 07:00.0 -v | grep Kernel Kernel driver in use: nvidia Kernel modules: nvidia $ $ lsmod | grep '^nouveau' $ $ lsmod | grep '^nvidia' nvidia_drm 126976 2 nvidia_modeset 1605632 3 nvidia_drm nvidia 60710912 29 nvidia_drm,nvidia_modeset $ $ nvidia-smi Tue Jan 27 14:33:31 2026 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NVIDIA-SMI 550.163.01 Driver Version: 550.163.01 CUDA Version: 12.4 | |-----------------------------------------+------ ## Kali & LLM: macOS with Claude Desktop & Anthropic Sonnet LLM DevFeed: [Kali & LLM: macOS with Claude Desktop & Anthropic Sonnet LLM]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2026-02-25T00:00:00Z Content type: tutorial Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Large Language Model](), [Model Context Protocol](), [anthropic](), [Claude](), [macOS](), [Linux](), [Network](), [Security]() Tags: [advanced](), [anthropic](), [claude](), [distribution](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [linux](), [llm](), [macos](), [model-context-protocol](), [network](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [privacy](), [testing]() ### AI overview A tutorial describes a setup that uses Claude Desktop on macOS, Kali Linux, and Anthropic's Sonnet 4.5 with Model Context Protocol to translate natural-language requests into technical commands and run tools such as Nmap. It also discusses reasons for using multiple operating systems and privacy considerations. ### Source excerpt This post will focus on an alternative method of using Kali Linux, moving beyond direct terminal command execution. Instead, we will leverage a Large Language Model (LLM) to translate "natural language" descriptions of desired actions into technical commands. Achieving this setup requires the integration of three distinct systems: UI: Apple's macOS (Can also use Microsoft Windows, but not covered in this guide) - with Claude Desktop Attacking box: Kali Linux - using various tools LLM: In the cloud - Anthropic's Sonnet 4.5 The LLM is only part of the story. When paired with Model Context Protocol (MCP)'s, it allows/enables the LLM to seamlessly connect with external sources (data, programs/tools etc). At a very high level: We can ask a LLM to-do a task via a "prompt". "Can you please port scan scanme.nmap.org, if you find a valid web server, check if security.txt exists" The LLM will understand what we asked it to-do. "First task, I need to use Nmap/Network Mapper to-do a port scan of scan scanme.nmap.org" LLM will then request the MCP to-do any action(s). "Is Nmap installed? Can I access it?" MCP will run the request and return results $ nmap scanme.nmap.org The LLM will process the results as well as showing it to us as end-users. "I found that scanme.nmap.org is up, and contains a web server on port 80/TCP & 443/TCP." If needed, could be a loop, and re-run a command/action again back in the MCP until the prompt has been completed/full-filled. "Now I need see if /.well-known/security.txt gives HTTP 200 response" Just like the joys of text editors wars (vim vs emacs vs nano), this is not to say its the "best" way to-do it. This is a way. This scenario may work for you, or it may not be acceptable to you (e.g. privacy). That is fine. If you are wonder "Why this setup? Why are you using multiple OSes?", there are various reasons why! You may want a graphical user interface (GUI), which Claude Desktop is. Its an official product from Anthropic, who is making the model ## Kali Linux 2025.4 Release (Desktop Environments, Wayland & Halloween Mode) DevFeed: [Kali Linux 2025.4 Release (Desktop Environments, Wayland & Halloween Mode)]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2025-12-12T00:00:00Z Content type: release Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Linux](), [releases](), [Wayland](), [xfce]() Tags: [2025](), [advanced](), [desktop](), [distribution](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [linux](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [release](), [release-notes](), [releases](), [testing](), [wayland](), [xfce]() ### AI overview Kali Linux 2025.4 updates the desktop experience with changes to GNOME, KDE Plasma, and Xfce, makes Wayland the default and only window server for GNOME, adds VM guest utility support, introduces Halloween Mode, and includes three new tools. ### Source excerpt Say hello to Kali Linux 2025.4! Expect updated tools, performance tweaks, and improved support - no fluff, just the essentials. The summary of the changelog since the 2025.3 release from September is: Desktop Environments - Changes to all! GNOME, KDE & Xfce Wayland - VM Guest Utils Support Halloween Mode - dresses the desktop for the occasion 3 New Tools - As always, new packages added and upgraded! Desktop Environments GNOME 49 As with previous GNOME updates in Kali, we've given all our themes a fresh coat of paint - everything has been tuned to look sharp and feel smooth. The Totem video player has been replaced with the new Showtime app, and the app grid now finally organizes Kali tools into folders, just like the menu does, making it far more intuitive to find the tool you need. Changes to the application grid do not affect already installed versions of Kali. This is done to avoid overwriting the user's application layout. If you still want to see the new folders in the application grid, you can force the update with the following command: ┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~] └─$ cat /etc/dconf/db/local.d/kali-menu | dconf load / Another quality-of-life improvement is the addition of a shortcut to quickly open a terminal (finally!), using Ctrl+Alt+T or Win+T - just like in our other desktops. One of the major changes in GNOME 49 is the removal of X11 session support. Wayland is now the default - and only - window server, but do not worry: the transition is seamless and, as we explain later, even VM support is excellent. If you want to know more about the details of the new shell version, check out the official GNOME 49 release notes. KDE Plasma 6.5 KDE Plasma desktop has been bumped up to version 6.5, which brings two major releases of the desktop together. Here are some of the most relevant new features: More flexible window tiling New screenshot tool, with extra editing features Quick access to pinned clipboard items in the panel Fuzzy matching support for KRunner (Plasma's sea ## Kali Linux 2025.3 Release (Vagrant & Nexmon) DevFeed: [Kali Linux 2025.3 Release (Vagrant & Nexmon)]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2025-09-23T00:00:00Z Content type: release Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Linux](), [Vagrant](), [Raspberry Pi](), [hyper-v](), [Wi-Fi](), [Embedded Software Dev](), [Cybersecurity]() Tags: [2025](), [advanced](), [distribution](), [firmware](), [hyper-v](), [information-security](), [infrastructure](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [linux](), [monitor-mode](), [new-features](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [raspberry-pi](), [release](), [testing](), [updates](), [vagrant]() ### AI overview Kali Linux 2025.3 introduces refreshed Packer and Vagrant build workflows, Nexmon support for monitor mode and packet injection on supported wireless hardware including Raspberry Pi, and additional tools and package updates. ### Source excerpt Another quarter, another drop - Kali 2025.3 is now here! Bringing you another round of updates, new features and introducing some new tools - pushing Kali further. The summary of the changelog since the 2025.2 release from June is: Packer & Vagrant - HashiCorp's products have had a refresh Nexmon Support - Monitor mode and injection for Raspberry Pi's in-built Wi-Fi 10 New Tools - As always, various new packages added (as well as updates) HashiCorp: Packer & Vagrant Kali has been using two HashiCorp products, which go hand-in-hand with each other: Packer - Creating VMs for multiple platforms from a single source configuration Vagrant - Building and managing VM environments Until now, we have been using our Packer build-script to generate our Vagrant VMs. This has been working well for us. We wanted to streamline our platform building process more, which prompted us to revisit how we generate Vagrant VMs. Whilst it is possible to automate Packer, it was not ideal for our infrastructure setup and workflow (e.g. trying to build Hyper-V images on Linux). This caused us to refresh a few items: Kali pre-seed examples - Packer uses pre-seed to automate the Kali installer - we made sure they are all consistent. Kali Packer build-scripts - We were using v1 of the standards. We upgraded to v2. Kali VM build-scripts - Vagrant images are VMs which a few tweaks done to them. We added these modification to our existing VM build-scripts. For more information, please keep reading our blog post: Kali Vagrant Rebuilt: Out With Packer, In With DebOS Nexmon Support Nexmon is a "patched" firmware, for certain wireless chips, to extend their functionally to allow: Monitor mode - able to sniff packets Injection mode - frame injection allows for custom raw packets to be sent, outside of the "standard" stack ordering Both are really useful when it comes to information security! For the record, it is possible to-do both of the features above without Nexmon, as it depends on the device's chip ## Kali Vagrant Rebuilt: Out With Packer, In With DebOS DevFeed: [Kali Vagrant Rebuilt: Out With Packer, In With DebOS]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2025-08-21T00:00:00Z Content type: release Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Vagrant](), [virtual machines](), [hyper-v](), [Linux](), [ssh](), [Windows](), [Script]() Tags: [advanced](), [command-line](), [distribution](), [hyper-v](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [linux](), [microsoft-windows](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [ssh](), [template](), [testing](), [vagrant](), [virtual-machines]() ### AI overview Kali explains that it rebuilt its Vagrant VM images using DebOS instead of Packer. The new process builds stock and Vagrant virtual machines automatically in the same Linux-based infrastructure, while addressing Vagrant base-box requirements and compatibility with Hyper-V exports on Windows. ### Source excerpt Vagrant files, *.box, are pre-configured Virtual Machines (VM) VM images, which when imported into HashiCorp's Vagrant, allow for VMs to be interacted with via the command line. You create, start, interact, stop, destroy VMs all without leaving the terminal. Think containers (Docker/Podman), but for VMs. Previously we have been using HashiCorp's Packer to generate our HashiCorp's Vagrant images. Packer is a wrapper, around whatever hypervisor you wish, and it will automate installing the OS (unattended setup via preseeding), run any commands or scripts, export the VM and finally compress it. The down-side to Packer is that you need to have the chosen hypervisor installed on the host OS, you can't cross-build. If you use Linux, you can't build Window's Hyper-V. For a few years now , we have been using DebOS, to automate building our VMs. This has been working great for us. Recently we realized: "Why do we have two different systems, for the same purpose?". A little bit of digging into "how to make a vagrant base box VM" boils down to just a few requirements: Fix username (vagrant) Fix/Known pubic SSH keys (default/standard insecure keypairs) Able to perform superuser actions (sudo) Simple really, just need to make sure that Vagrant can easy access the VM! Optional items (and recommended), as it helps benefits user's rather than Vagrant: Known/Fix credentials (vagrant everywhere) SSH tweaks (speed up for airgap networks) All of this can be handled in a post-install step, which we have put into our Kali-VM build-script. Now, we are building all of our VMs, automatically, in the same matter (Stock and Vagrant), all in the same infrastructure setup (Linux!). Since Microsoft Windows 10 1607 / Server 2016, when exporting VMs, there would be 3 additional "binary" files, *.vmcx/*.vmrs included as well as an *.xml. As we were no longer exporting the VM from Hyper-V, but generating it outside of, we do not have these files. Now, we could create a "template" binary which would ## Kali Linux & Containerization (Apple's Container) DevFeed: [Kali Linux & Containerization (Apple's Container)]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2025-07-29T00:00:00Z Content type: tutorial Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [container](), [macOS](), [virtualization](), [Windows Subsystem for Linux](), [hyper-v](), [Linux]() Tags: [advanced](), [apple](), [apple-silicon](), [containerization](), [containers](), [distribution](), [github](), [homebrew](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [linux](), [macos](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [testing]() ### AI overview A tutorial explains Apple's Container tool and its underlying virtualization components, then shows how to install and use it to run Kali Linux containers on Apple Silicon Macs. It also covers Docker Hub image pulls, directory sharing, aliases, and known networking limitations. ### Source excerpt If you're an Apple user, you may have heard of Apple's upcoming feature Containerization during WWDC 2025. Quick summary: Container is a CLI tool, which works with Containerization. This is what end-users interact with. Containerization handles creating the containers, that talks to Virtualization.framework. Virtualization.framework is the hypervisor API (high level), and creates a new VM per container via Hypervisor.framework. Hypervisor.framework is the low level hypervisor API, which uses the macOS kernel (the hypervisor). It is similar to Microsoft's Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL), where a very small lightweight virtual machine (VM) is launched in the background, so a Linux kernel can be used on a non Linux host (WSL2 uses Hyper-V). Not to be confused with WSL1, which was more like WINE! Its set to be publicly released for the next major OS release, macOS "Tahoe" 26, and also for macOS "Sequoia" 15 . Containerization supports containers which are "Open Container Initiative (OCI) compliant", luckily our Kali image are! Setup If the first thing we see when trying to run container is: ~ % container zsh: command not found: container ~ % ...We need to install it. Doing a quick check to make sure our system is supported: ~ % sw_vers -productVersion 15.5 ~ % ~ % uname -m arm64 ~ % We are using macOS 15.5, on an Apple Silicon series device (aka arm64). We are good to go! If Homebrew is installed: ~ % brew install --cask container ==> Downloading https://github.com/apple/container/releases/download/0.2.0/container-0.2.0-installer-signed.pkg ==> Downloading from https://release-assets.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset/993475914/c5fb6a42-f282-4dd7-95c2-af9b142f0ed1?sp=r&sv=2018-11-09&sr=b&spr=https&se=2025-07-17T14%3A06%3A32Z&r ######################################################################################################################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Installing Ca ## Kali Linux Adds Refined Nexmon Support for Raspberry Pi Wi-Fi Monitor Mode and Injection DevFeed: [Kali Linux Adds Refined Nexmon Support for Raspberry Pi Wi-Fi Monitor Mode and Injection]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2025-07-22T00:00:00Z Content type: article Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [Raspberry Pi](), [Wi-Fi](), [Kernel](), [Linux](), [Embedded Software Dev](), [Hardware]() Tags: [advanced](), [distribution](), [firmware](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [kernel](), [linux](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [raspberry-pi](), [testing](), [wi-fi]() ### AI overview Kali Linux has refined its Nexmon integration for Raspberry Pi wireless assessments. New packages and a newer kernel improve support for on-board Wi-Fi monitor mode and frame injection, including on supported Raspberry Pi 5 devices without an external USB adapter. ### Source excerpt Thanks to Nexmon and fresh Kali packages, on-board wireless is ready for monitor mode and injection (again!). Kali Linux users on Raspberry Pi now have an improved and more integrated way to use the on-board Wi-Fi interface for wireless assessments. While the Nexmon project has long made this technically possible, our support in Kali has recently been refined. In Kali 2025.1, with the move to a newer Raspberry Pi kernel and a chance to revisit our packaging, we have cleaned up and formalized support for Nexmon through new packages. This not only improves the setup experience and adds support for more devices, including the Raspberry Pi 5, but also makes it easier to enable other hardware supported by Nexmon within Kali. Where We Started The Raspberry Pi has always been a compelling platform for portable Kali setups. But when it came to wireless assessments, things were less ideal. Raspberry Pi models use Broadcom/Cypress Wi-Fi chipsets, which don't support monitor mode or injection by default. That left users needing an external USB adapter. The Nexmon project, created by SEEMOO Lab at TU Darmstadt, changed that by offering a firmware patching framework that extends Broadcom's closed firmware with additional capabilities -- notably, monitor mode and injection. Nexmon works by modifying the firmware binaries themselves and providing patches for the Linux driver (brcmfmac) to support the required modes. Kali's integration of Nexmon has come a long way, though it hasn't always been smooth. We were on the 5.15 kernel series for quite some time, in part due to how we were packaging the kernel and managing patchsets. This made it difficult to support newer devices like the Raspberry Pi 5, which requires a more recent kernel. When we attempted to move to 6.6, we encountered stability issues. These were not caused by Nexmon itself, but by changes in the kernel and how they interacted with our setup. Rather than ship something unreliable, we decided to pause development until ## Kali Linux 2025.2 Release (Kali Menu Refresh, BloodHound CE & CARsenal) DevFeed: [Kali Linux 2025.2 Release (Kali Menu Refresh, BloodHound CE & CARsenal)]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Published: 2025-06-13T00:00:00Z Content type: release Language: en Sources: [Kali Linux]() Topics: [changelog](), [Linux](), [Cybersecurity](), [Tool](), [Framework](), [Command-line interface](), [YAML]() Tags: [advanced](), [bloodhound](), [changelog](), [distribution](), [hacking](), [kali](), [kalilinux](), [linux](), [mitre](), [penetration](), [penetration-testing](), [release](), [terminal](), [testing]() ### AI overview Kali Linux 2025.2 introduces a redesigned Kali Menu organized around the MITRE ATT&CK framework, upgrades BloodHound Community Edition, adds smartwatch Wi-Fi injection support and the CARsenal car-hacking toolkit, and includes 13 new tools. The release also updates GNOME and KDE and automates menu management through a YAML-based system. ### Source excerpt We're almost half way through 2025 already, and we've got a lot to share with you in this release, Kali 2025.2. The summary of the changelog since the 2025.1 release from March is: Desktop Updates - Kali-Menu refresh, GNOME 48 & KDE 6.3 updates BloodHound Community Edition - Major upgrade with full set of ingestors Kali NetHunter Smartwatch Wi-Fi Injection - TicWatch Pro 3 now able to de-authenticate and capture WPA2 handshakes Kali NetHunter CARsenal - Car hacking tool set! New Tools - 13 new shinny tools added (and various updates) Desktop Updates Kali Menu Refresh We've completely reworked the Kali Menu! It's now reorganized to follow the MITRE ATT&CK framework structure - which means that finding the right tool for your task should now be a lot more intuitive for red and blue teams alike. Previously the Kali menu structure followed what was in BackTrack... which followed WHAX before it. The previous structure was an in-house item, before MITRE was a thing. When our menu was first created, there wasn't as much design planning done, which we suffered for later. It meant that over time, scaling and adding new tools became difficult for us. The knock on effect was that this made it harder for you, the end-users, to discover new tools as similar tools with overlapping functions were in different places or missing entries. Yes, seasoned professionals may not use the menu to start up items, using shortcuts such as super key and typing the tool name , or via a terminal window. We see the menu as a way to discover tools. The final nail in the coffin in the setup was the fact that it was manually managed. Yes, all those entries were previously created by-hand (which also may explain a few things). As a result, we had stopped adding new tools to the menu... until now. Now, we have created a new system and automated many aspects, making it easier for us to manage, and easier for you to discover items. Win win. Over time, we hope to start to add this to kali.org/tools/. Currentl ## Project PITA: Build a Mini Mass Deauther Using Bettercap and a Raspberry Pi Zero W DevFeed: [Project PITA: Build a Mini Mass Deauther Using Bettercap and a Raspberry Pi Zero W]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Simone Margaritelli Published: 2018-07-28T17:01:56Z Content type: tutorial Language: en Sources: [Evil Socket]() Topics: [Raspberry Pi](), [Linux](), [Network](), [configuration](), [ssh](), [Bluetooth](), [client](), [file]() Tags: [bettercap](), [ble](), [bluetooth](), [btnap](), [cybersecurity](), [deauth](), [handshake-capture](), [kali](), [linux](), [monitor-mode](), [packet-injection](), [pi](), [portable-hacking](), [project](), [raspberry](), [raspberry-pi](), [rpi](), [rpi-zero-w](), [rpi0w](), [wifi](), [wireless-security](), [wpa2](), [writeup](), [zero]() ### AI overview A writeup showing how to build a pocket-sized WiFi deauthenticator with a Raspberry Pi Zero W, Kali Linux, Nexmon drivers, and bettercap. It covers WiFi scanning, deauthentication packets, WPA2 handshake capture, initial SSH and WiFi configuration, and Bluetooth access. ### Source excerpt A few days ago I started playing with some idea I had from a few weeks already, using a Raspberry Pi Zero W to make a mini WiFi deauthenticator: something in my pocket that periodically jumps on all the channels in the WiFi spectrum, collects information about the nearby access points and their connected clients and then sends a deauthentication packet to each one of them, resulting in some sort of WiFi jammer on the 802.11 level. As an interesting "side effect" of this jammer (the initial intent was purely for the lulz) is that the more it deauths, the higher the changes to also sniff WPA2 handshakes. Thanks to the awesome work of the Kali and Nexmon communities in packaging the nexmon drivers and utilities and to the recent changes we released in bettercap, this was very easy to setup and to script and given the interest the tweet had I thought to share this writeup :) This awesome case has been designed by @elkentaro and can be found on [his Thingverse page](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3018480). ## Debian welcomes its GSoC 2018 and Outreachy interns DevFeed: [Debian welcomes its GSoC 2018 and Outreachy interns]() Original publisher: [Read original article]() Author: Laura Arjona Reina Published: 2018-05-30T18:45:00Z Content type: news Language: en Sources: [Bits from Debian]() Topics: [Debian](), [SDK](), [Android]() Tags: [2018](), [android](), [announce](), [caldav](), [clang](), [code](), [contributors](), [debian](), [developers](), [development](), [diversity](), [engineering](), [firefox](), [google](), [gsoc](), [kali](), [outreachy](), [projects](), [qa](), [software](), [sso](), [thunderbird]() ### AI overview Debian announces 26 interns selected for Google Summer of Code 2018 and Outreachy. The projects include Android SDK tools, package maintenance, build automation, desktop applications, networking, reverse engineering, and other Debian-related work. ### Source excerpt We're excited to announce that Debian has selected twenty-six interns to work with us during the next months: one person for Outreachy, and twenty-five for the Google Summer of Code. Here is the list of projects and the interns who will work on them: A calendar database of social events and conferences Doğukan Çelik Android SDK Tools in Debian Saif Abdul Cassim (GSoC 2018 Android SDK tools in Debian) Chandramouli Rajagopalan (Packaging and Updating Android SDK Tools) Umang Parmar (Android SDK Tools in Debian) Automatic builds with clang using OBS Athos Ribeiro Automatic Packages for Everything Alexandre Viau Click To Dial Popup Window for the Linux Desktop Diellza Shabani Sanjay Prajapat Vishal Gupta Design and implementation of a Debian SSO solution Birger Schacht EasyGnuPG Improvements Divesh Uttamchandani Extracting data from PDF invoices and bills for financial accounting Harshit Joshi Firefox and Thunderbird plugin for free software habits Enkelena Haxhija GUI app for EasyGnuPG Yugesh Ajit Kothari Improving Distro Tracker to better support Debian teams Arthur Del Esposte Kanban Board for Debian Bug Tracker and CalDAV servers Chikirou Massiwayne OwnMailbox Improvements Georgios Pipilis P2P Network Boot with BitTorrent Shreyansh Khajanchi PGP Clean Room Live CD Jacob Adams Port Kali Packages to Debian Samuel Henrique Quality assurance for biological applications inside Debian Liubov Chuprikova Reverse Engineering Radiator Bluetooth Thermovalves Sergio Alberti Virtual LTSP Server Deepanshu Gajbhiye Wizard/GUI helping students/interns apply and get started Elena Gjevukaj Minkush Jain Shashank Kumar Congratulations and welcome to all of them! The Google Summer of Code and Outreachy programs are possible in Debian thanks to the efforts of Debian developers and contributors that dedicate part of their free time to mentor interns and outreach tasks. Join us and help extend Debian! You can follow the interns weekly reports on the debian-outreach mailing-list, chat with