# NANOG

Published articles for NANOG.

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## Global Internet infrastructure at NANOG 98

DevFeed: [Global Internet infrastructure at NANOG 98](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/global-internet-infrastructure-at-nanog-98-103527.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://blog.apnic.net/2026/10/28/global-internet-infrastructure-at-nanog-98/>)

Author: Geoff Huston

Published: 2026-10-28T05:18:13Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [APNIC Blog](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/apnic-blog.md>)

Topics: [Internet Trends](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/internet-trends.md>), [Internet](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/internet.md>), [communications](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/communications.md>), [centralization](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/centralization.md>), [digital sovereignty](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/digital-sovereignty.md>)

Tags: [amazon](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/amazon.md>), [architecture](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/architecture.md>), [bandwidth](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/bandwidth.md>), [broadband](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/broadband.md>), [cables](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cables.md>), [capacity](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/capacity.md>), [capital](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/capital.md>), [centralization](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/centralization.md>), [competition](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/competition.md>), [global](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/global.md>), [hyperscaler](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/hyperscaler.md>), [infrastructure](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/infrastructure.md>), [internet](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/internet.md>), [internet-infrastructure](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/internet-infrastructure.md>), [investment](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/investment.md>), [leo](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/leo.md>), [nanog](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/nanog.md>), [networks](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/networks.md>), [satellite](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/satellite.md>), [submarine-cable](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/submarine-cable.md>), [systems](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/systems.md>), [tech-matters](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/tech-matters.md>)

### AI overview

International bandwidth demand is still growing about 30% annually, even as growth rates decline; the article says annual added capacity is now about 2 Pbps and could exceed 10 Pbps by 2035. Aging cables, demand, and route diversity are driving an estimated USD 5-6 billion in annual new cable investment for 2026-2029. Google, Meta, Microsoft, and Amazon fund 38% of cable projects for private use and invest in another 25% through consortia; the transatlantic route is 85% privately hyperscaler-funded. The article links this shift to hyperscalers' capital and the risks of consortium dependence, while noting concerns about foreign ownership and repair-vessel control. LEO systems use large satellite constellations and inter-satellite laser links to provide last-mile service in remote locations. The text presents LEO and submarine cables as complementary: LEO serves specialized access needs, while cables carry bulk data in core networks. It attributes Starlink's reported high returns to its retail position and limited competition, and says Amazon's entry could challenge that position.

### Source excerpt

Hyperscaler investment in submarine cables and the rise of LEO satellite systems are reshaping who builds, owns, and operates the networks that underpin global connectivity.