# readindex

Published articles for readindex.

This is one page of public article previews, not the complete archive. Follow Next page to continue. Summaries are not the original full articles.

## 【etcd】读路径与一致性：ReadIndex、Serializable 与 Lease read

DevFeed: [【etcd】读路径与一致性：ReadIndex、Serializable 与 Lease read](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/etcd-readindex-serializable-lease-read-33990.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://quant67.com/post/etcd/08-read-consistency/08-read-consistency.html>)

Author: Liao Tonglang

Published: 2026-08-26T00:00:00Z

Content type: tutorial

Language: zh

Sources: [土法炼钢 - 系统与基础设施](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/source-4.md>)

Topics: [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/etcd.md>), [Raft](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/raft.md>), [consensus algorithm](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/consensus-algorithm.md>), [Kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/kubernetes.md>)

Tags: [consistency](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/consistency.md>), [distributed](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/distributed.md>), [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/etcd.md>), [follower](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/follower.md>), [k8s](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/k8s.md>), [keepalive](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/keepalive.md>), [kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/kubernetes.md>), [lease](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/lease.md>), [linearizable](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/linearizable.md>), [raft](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/raft.md>), [readindex](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/readindex.md>), [resourceversion](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/resourceversion.md>), [revision](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/revision.md>), [serializable](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/serializable.md>), [ttl](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/ttl.md>), [v3-5](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/v3-5.md>), [v3-5-33](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/v3-5-33.md>)

### AI overview

This tutorial explains read consistency in etcd v3.5.33. It distinguishes default linearizable reads using ReadIndex, local Serializable reads that may be stale on followers, and Lease RPC reads handled by the leader outside the Raft log. It also discusses leader changes, apply-index waiting, follower forwarding, MVCC history reads, and implications for Kubernetes apiserver clients.

### Source excerpt

分列 etcd v3.5.33 三种读语义：默认线性一致读的 ReadIndex 循环、Serializable 本地读、Raft ReadOnlyLeaseBased 与不经 Raft 的 Lease 路径；follower 读风险与 K8s 期望。

## 【分布式系统百科】分布式 KV 存储对比：etcd、TiKV 与 FoundationDB

DevFeed: [【分布式系统百科】分布式 KV 存储对比：etcd、TiKV 与 FoundationDB](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/kv-etcd-tikv-foundationdb-33978.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://quant67.com/post/distributed/39-kv-stores/kv-stores.html>)

Author: Liao Tonglang

Published: 2026-04-13T00:00:00Z

Content type: comparison

Language: zh

Sources: [土法炼钢 - 系统与基础设施](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/source-4.md>)

Topics: [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/etcd.md>), [Raft](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/raft.md>), [Kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/kubernetes.md>)

Tags: [bbolt](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/bbolt.md>), [boltdb](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/boltdb.md>), [compaction](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/compaction.md>), [coreos](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/coreos.md>), [distributed](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/distributed.md>), [distributed-systems](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/distributed-systems.md>), [errcompacted](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/errcompacted.md>), [etcd](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/etcd.md>), [go](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/go.md>), [k8s](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/k8s.md>), [kubernetes](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/kubernetes.md>), [lease](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/lease.md>), [mmap](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/mmap.md>), [mvcc](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/mvcc.md>), [raft](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/raft.md>), [readindex](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/readindex.md>), [revision](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/revision.md>), [single-raft-group](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/single-raft-group.md>), [ssd](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/ssd.md>), [v3](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/v3.md>), [wal](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/wal.md>), [watch](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/watch.md>)

### AI overview

This Chinese-language comparison examines etcd, TiKV, and FoundationDB as distributed key-value stores for metadata. It focuses on architecture, implementation, performance, and limitations, with detailed coverage of etcd's single Raft group, MVCC, Watch, Lease, bbolt storage engine, linearizable reads, compaction, and defragmentation.

### Source excerpt

一个典型的架构评审场景：团队需要一个分布式键值存储来承载新系统的元数据。候选方案三个----etcd、TiKV、FoundationDB。三者都提供强一致性保证，都经过大规模生产验证，但设计目标截然不同。选错了，轻则性能不达标，重则数据丢失后无法恢复。这篇文章从架构、实现、性能和局限四个维度，把三个系统拆开来看。