# flat network topology

A network topology in which routers connect directly to each other rather than through a hierarchical tree.

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## The invisible engineering behind Lambda's network

DevFeed: [The invisible engineering behind Lambda's network](<https://devfeed.tech/articles/the-invisible-engineering-behind-lambda-s-network-12432.md>)

Original publisher: [Read original article](<https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2026/04/the-invisible-engineering-behind-lambdas-network.html>)

Author: werner@allthingsdistributed.com (Dr. Werner Vogels)

Published: 2026-04-22T14:00:00Z

Content type: article

Language: en

Sources: [All Things Distributed](<https://devfeed.tech/sources/all-things-distributed.md>)

Topics: [flat network topology](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/flat-network-topology.md>), [networking](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/networking.md>), [Serverless](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/serverless.md>), [Latency](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/latency.md>), [Cloud](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/cloud.md>), [Amazon Web Services](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/aws.md>), [systems](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/systems.md>), [Routing (disambiguation)](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/routing.md>), [data](<https://devfeed.tech/topics/data.md>)

Tags: [aws](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/aws.md>), [blog](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/blog.md>), [blog-post](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/blog-post.md>), [cloud](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/cloud.md>), [devices](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/devices.md>), [engineering](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/engineering.md>), [infrastructure](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/infrastructure.md>), [kernel](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/kernel.md>), [latency](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/latency.md>), [network](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/network.md>), [networking](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/networking.md>), [posts](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/posts.md>), [routing](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/routing.md>), [scale](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/scale.md>), [serverless](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/serverless.md>), [systems](<https://devfeed.tech/tags/systems.md>)

### AI overview

This article explains how AWS Lambda's networking team redesigned underlying network infrastructure over years to support latency-sensitive workloads in serverless functions. It introduces network topology and highlights optimizations involving iptables, kernel contention, packet headers, virtual devices, tunnels, routing rules, and packet filters.

### Source excerpt

The subtle inventiveness that reduced cold start setup from seconds to 200μs.